This is a limiting factor of a population that does not depend on the population density. these factors are usually abiotic factors.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

the missing space is phylum

i believe it is c: genes for body color and wing size are inherited separately from each parent.