How are viruses different from bacteria

I believe the correct answer is that viruses are not cells while bacteria are cells with organelles.

Viruses can simply be explained as genetic materials enclosed in capsules that protects them from the immune system.

Viruses need a host to survive since they lack a mechanism to replicate in meaning they are obligate intracellular organisms.

Reproduction of viruses is through attaching their DNA or RNA into the machinery of the host that replicates them as part of the normal DNA of the cell.

They are the smallest living organisms and cannot be seen microscopically.

They cannot be infected but rather can infect bacteria

They have a capsid that protects the viral material and also contains the receptors attachments that are able to attach to the specific sites which they are infecting. Some of them have an extra layer of a membrane that is called an envelope that further protects the viruses from their hostile environment

They are treated by antiviral medications that affects their replication on normal cells.

They are pathogenic by destroying the cells they enter after successfully replicating their genetic material.

They can either have DNA or RNA but never both.

They are cellular prokaryotes with cell organelles that keeps them functional

They can be obligate intracellular organisms or they can survive outside the cell without any problem depending on the particular species of the bacteria since they have cell organelles that can function.

Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission where the cell organelles just double up and the cell pinches into 2 different sections with equal distribution of genetic materials forming 2 different cells.

They can be infected by types of viruses called bacteriophages that use the hosts nucleoid to replicate.

They have a cell membrane and a cell wall which encloses the inner contents of the bacteria and also protects the bacteria from the immune system.

They are treated by antibiotics such as β-lactam antibiotics that destroys their cell wall making it porous and the cell eventually dies.

They do not enter the host for reproduction but rather they kill the host through toxins such as toxin A and toxin B

They do not have a nucleus but have the nucleoid that contains the DNA of the bacterium.

Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: The cell

Virus and Bactria are different from each other as:

Further Explanation:

Both viruses and bacteria are very tinny that cannot usually be seen by naked eyes. In terms of size, bacteria are larger than the virus. The average size of bacteria is 2.0µm whereas virus ranges from 20-400nm. Viruses are non-living outside the cell and become living inside the host cell. They replicate their genes using the in host genome machinery and make copies of their genetic material that infects the host cells.  

Bactria is considered a single-cell organism that is living outside the cell. Viruses are neither multi-celled nor single cells because they are non-living. Bacteria are beneficial as they are present in the normal microflora and help in the digestion of food. Viruses can’t be beneficial for the cell as it affects the host replication machinery. It is difficult to treat the viral infection but some antiviral agents selectively eradicate the virus without affecting the host cell. To treat a bacterial infection, antibiotics are available. It is easy to eradicate bacteria by disrupting the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cells or affecting bacterial replication.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Microorganism  

Keywords:

Bacteria, virus, antibiotic, cell, bacterial infection, gene, host-genome machinery, food, digestion, non-living, copies, antibiotics, antiviral.

each of the 46 original chromosomes splits into two daughter chromosomes, so there are two sets of 46 daughter chromosomes that end up in each cell. human cells have 46 chromosomes. each chromosome consists of a pair of identical chromatids attached together by a structure called a centromere.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.