Ascientist wrote an article about a drug that he believes reduces the effects of viral infections. which of these most likely needs to be done by a scientific committee before the drug is made avaiable to the general public.

the sphincter muscles at the end of the digestive tract is the anus.

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.