Tiny plastic pellets, like the pellets in the image, enter marine ecosystems through accidental spillage or by the decomposition of plastic wastes. how do these pellets affect marine ecosystems? a) though harmless, these pellets spoil the natural beauty of the ecosystem. b) they sink to the bottom of the seafloor and form the foundations of extensive coral reefs. c) they are consumed by fish and marine mammals and block the digestive systems of these organisms. d) they degrade quickly on coming in contact with the salt water, affecting the quality of the water.

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

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