During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranial cavity. damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. ironically one of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the this is ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to

Experiments in environmental toxicology can sometimes be manipulative experiments in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable. in hunt's study, for example, dosages of bpa were manipulated and the effects were measured. in manipulative studies, the researcher controls all the other variables in the experiment, so any health effects observed in the test subjects can be attributed to differences in the independent variable. in other cases, researchers use natural experiments in which the dependent variable (typically a measure of organism health) is measured under differing contexts that are not manipulated. say, for example, that an accidental chemical spill contaminates five ponds. to determine the possible effects of the toxic chemical on frogs, a researcher could compare the hatching rate of frog eggs laid in those five ponds to the hatching rate of eggs laid in five uncontaminated ponds nearby. this would be an example of a natural experiment because concentrations of the toxic chemical in the ponds were not controlled by the experimenter, but rather resulted from the chemical spill. drag type of experiment on the left to the example of experiment on the right. blood concentrations of bpa in college students are compared to their recent manipulative consumption of canned food items 2. the feeding behavior of fish in streams that receive acidic runoff from strip mines is compared to the feeding behavior of fish in unaffected streams. the deformity rate in baby birds from nests in pesticide-sprayed fields is compared to the deformity rate in birds from nests in unsprayed fields 4 tumor development is compared in mice exposed to five dosages of a known carcinogen in the laboratory foraging activity levels are compared in tadpoles exposed to four concentrations of toxic metals in the laboratory. growth of corn plants is compared in field plots sprayed with three different dosage: s of weed killer 7 bpa concentrations in the urine of people with diabetes are compared to bpa concentrations in the urine of people without diabetes - natural; manipulative

Agroup of students is studying convection currents. they fill two identical balloons with the same amount of helium. one balloon is placed in a freezer and the other in an area with warm air. after 10 minutes, the balloons are released from a height of 1 meter. which of the following do the students most likely observe? question 8 options: the cold balloon expands and rises. the warm balloon shrinks and sinks. the balloons rise at the same rate. both balloons are the same size. the ballons both rise. the cold ballon is larger than the warm balloon. the warm balloon expands and rises. the cold balloon shrinks and sinks.

Directions: read the descriptions of the four islands presented in the lesson. 1. list two new traits that each new species of rat might demonstrate as it adapts to the conditions on each island. 2. introduce one of the four new rat species to another island and describe one challenge it would encounter and one success as it adapts to its new environment.