Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
a. a single species evolves into several closely related species.
b. several distantly related species develop similarities.
c. a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
d. a species has periods of little evolution interrupted by periods of rapid evolution.
mass extinction would most likely result from which of the following events?
a. a disease kills off a single species of predator within an ecosystem.
b. a wildfire burns a national park.
c. global temperatures drop several degrees after several massive volcanic eruptions.
d. a massive earthquake strikes north america.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."

i think it’s c but i might be wrong. if i am let me know! have a good rest of your day as well!