Which best explains why a bacterial cell is classified as a prokaryote

I’m doing some practice exam questions for biology, and i’m not sure how to do these 3 parts to the question.

All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. according to mendel's these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.

Genetic disorders can result when sister chromatids fail to seperate properly. during what phase is this problem most likely to occur?