The diagram below shows a marine food chain with the amount of energy available to each trophic level in parentheses. why does the amount of energy decrease as you move up the chain?

a.) decomposers are using up the energy between each trophic level.
b.) individual organisms at the upper trophic levels require less energy to survive than those at the lower ones.
c.) producers use most of the energy before it can reach the upper levels.
d.) some energy is lost as heat or not consumed by organisms at the next trophic level.

Option C, Producers use most of the energy before it can reach the upper levels

Explanation:

In a food chain, the energy transferred to any trophic level is just the 10% of the energy available at the preceding trophic level.

Thus, a producer (phytoplankton) has 100% of the energy as it is the sole producer of energy through the process of photosynthesis,  passes only 10% of its energy to the zooplanktons.

As we move up in the trophic level, the energy goes on reducing as only 10% of the energy is passed on. Thus, Tuna will have 10% of energy of Mackerel, Mackerel will have 10% of energy of Herring, Herring will have 10% of energy of the zooplanktons and zooplanktons have 10% of energy of the phytoplanktons. Since this food chain starts with the phytoplanktons, most of the energy (nearly 90%) is consumed by the phytoplantons itself.

Therefore, most of the energy is consumed by the producer. Hence option C, is correct.

a. as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases & the molecules move faster & further away from each other.

b. if you decrease the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the combined gas law reduces to charles's law. in this case, volume will also decrease.

answer: decrease

a limiting factor is the one which decrease the abundance, distribution and causes extinction of the population of species in a ecosystem. here, predators including hawks, owls and snakes are the limiting factor for the population of mexican free tailed bat.   although bats are nocturnal animals as they forge for food at night these predators also may remain active during night which can decrease the population of the mexican free-tailed bats. also, these bats eat only one type of insects that are moths. the food can also be a limiting factor as all 400 members are dependent upon same type of food needs that are moths. the decrease in the moth population can cause decrease in population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.

therefore, the scenarios will most likely to decrease the population size of the mexican free-tailed bats.