Ecologists are particularly concerned about the impact of human activities on which four processes of the biosphere

The biosphere integrates all living organisms, the interactions between them and it is very important part from the Earth's ecosystem. Ecologists are particularly concerned about the impact of human activities on following four processes of the biosphere:
1. exchange processes: the way land surfaces exchange energy, water and mass and the transport of energy, water and carbon dioxide.
2. dynamics of airflow
3. biogenic emissions of trace gases and biomass burning particles
4. global carbon cycle

Where are they though?