Acell which contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of to produce two new cells, each containing the same dna as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.

mitosis
 
This problem simply requires you to memorize the terminology. So the definition of how cells reproduce is: Mitosis - Normal cell division typical of ordinary tissue growth. It results in two daughter cells, each of which has the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. contrast that with Meiosis - Cell division that is used in the production of haploid cells (such as eggs and sperm). This type of division results in 4 daughter cells, each of which contains only 1 chromosome from each pair in the original parent. Since you have 2 daughter cells, and each cell has the same chromosome count as the parent, the type of cell division must be mitosis.

The phenotype of the offspring will be 100%tall

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.