In humans, hair color and hair type are controlled by simple dominance. Brown hair (B) is dominant over blonde hair (b). Straight hair (H) is dominant over curly hair (h). A man who is heterozygous for brown hair and also has curly hair is crossed with a blonde-haired woman who is heterozygous for straight hair.

on island x the species needed to adapt because they were being subject to predators which didn't inhabit island y.  

reflection is the bouncing back of a propagating wave when it encounters a barrier; usually shows an image of the source of light wave

1) bounces back from an opaque material

2) bounces back from the boundary

3) seen in mirrors

refraction is the bending of a propagating wave having a shift of direction as it passes through different media; usually seen in lenses to magnify or lessen

1) passes through a prism

2) moves from one medium to another

3) seen in lenses