Example of a substitution point mutation: DNA codons: TA C G T I A C A A T T
mRNA strand:
Normal Protein:
Now perform a substitute point mutation by changing the “G” in the DNA strand
above to a "C".
DNA codons:
mRNA strand:
Mutated Protein:

The construction of phylogenetic trees is a mapping out the proposed divisions and common ancestors of all living species. traditionally, these trees have been built using morphological data, such as appearance and embryology. recently, it has been possible to construct these trees using molecular data. phylogenetic trees based on different types of information agree with each: that there is strong evidence of a real underlying common descent. this phylogenic tree is composed based on molecular data (rrna). what statements can we infer are true about the organisms throughout the tree? because the tree is rooted, all branches share a common ancestor. all organisms have some sort of cellular structure/organization. all eukaryotes evolved from bacteria. since the organisms contain rna, they share the same dna. if the organisms contain rna, the share the same four nitrogen bases.

If assuming tasting ptc as a simple gene trait,what other genotype would you select to put in this missing genotype box that could result in this phenotype

Which of the following is a reason why early living organisms on earth could not have survived on the surface? 1. the lack of an ozone layer 2. the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere 3. the fact that these organisms were single-celled