What are some "nonliving characteristics" of viruses? a. they are non-cellular

b. they do not need energy

c. they can be crystallized and stored indefinitely, yet still infect a host cell if presented to it.

d. all of the above

What is a universal way that predation benefits the predator? predation increases mate availability. predation in defense of space. the predator gets the energy it needs to survive. the predator keeps parasites from hurting the species.

Give an example of a trait that is controlled by more than one gene.

Which of the following must be true for a fossil organism to be useful as an index fossil? a. the fossil organism must be widespread geographically. b. the fossil organism must be abundant. c. the fossil organism must be limited to a short span of geologic time. d. all of the above.