In an epinephrine-triggered signal transduction pathway, how would cellular response most likely be affected if epinephrine could not bind with the receptor
protein?
G proteins would remain inactive and prevent signal amplification from
occurring.
Nonspecific signaling would occur, and epinephrine would bind to different
receptors.
Signal amplification would occur in the extracellular fluid rather than inside the
cell.
The cell could not receive termination signals and carry out inactivation.

In complete sentences describe the energy flow between the sun, the earth, and space.

Mouse liver cells were homogenized and the homogenate subjected to equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation with sucrose gradients. fractions obtained from these gradients were assayed for marker molecules (i.e., molecules that are limited to specific organelles). the results of these assays are shown in the figure. the marker molecules have the following functions: cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme involved in the process by which atp is formed in the complete aerobic degradation of glucose or fatty acids; ribosomal rna forms part of the protein-synthesizing ribosomes; catalase catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; acid phosphatase hydrolysis monophosphoric esters at acid ph; cytidylyltransferase is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; and amino acid permease aids in transport of amino acids across membranes. a) name the marker molecule and give the number of the fraction that is most enriched for each of the following cell components: lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria; plasma membrane; rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

There are fewer than 100 naturally occurring elements in the universe, but there are millions of different unified substances. explain how this can be true.