The NMDA receptor is a __ receptor that when it binds its neurotransmitter allows ___ entry into the cell, which can promote changes at the synapse that aid in learning and memory but can cause postsynaptic cell death if the receptor is activated for a prolonged time period.

The NMDA receptor is a ionotropic receptor that when it binds its neurotransmitter allows calcium entry into the cell, which can promote changes at the synapse that aid in learning and memory but can cause postsynaptic cell death if the receptor is activated for a prolonged time period.

Explanation:

NMDA receptors is an ionotropic glutamate receptor, which has functions in neuroplasticity, but also in excitotoxicity. The receptors are activated by a power differential, when Magnesium ions (Mg2 +) come into contact. This step allows the sodium (Na +), calcium (Ca2 +) ions (these in less quantity) and potassium (K +) ions to flow. The flow of calcium ions, specifically, is essential to enhance the processes of synaptic plasticity or brain plasticity. NMDA receptors play an important role in the development of pain, particularly neuropathic pain.

i think the miocene epoch spans the time from 23 million to 12 million years ago.

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.