What are valence electrons? A. the atomic mass

B. the atomic number

C. all of the electrons in an atom

D. electrons in the outermost energy level

D

Explanation:

The simple answer is the electrons in the outermost energy level.

Hydrogen has 1 electron in the outermost energy level.

Magnesium has 2 so this tells you that magnesium has a charge of 2

Oxygen has 6  oxygen has a charge of - 2

Fluorine has 7

For most elements, the electrons in the most outer ring determine the valence of the element.

Notice that the non metals work differently than the metals. Mg may have a charge of 2 and that is the number of electrons in the valence right.

Oxygen is a non metal it has a charge of - 2. It gets 6 electrons by subtracting the number of its charge from 8.

D. electrons in the outermost energy level

Explanation:

The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level.

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d. changes in climate and historical records

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