Old is Gold - B. Sc. 2nd year 203 2074/What is mutation? Explain different types of mutation involving changes in
chromosome number and chromosome structure?​

Mutation is the changing of the structure of genes resulting in a varied form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

A silent mutation is a mutation where the codon still corresponds to the same amino acid. The sequence of amino acids is not changed so the protein that gets made is the same as the wild type, or normal protein.

A missense mutation changes the codon so that it codes for a different amino acid.

Finally, a nonsense mutation causes protein creation to stop early, which makes a non-functioning protein.

Substitution means that one base is exchanged for another. This is kinda like having a substitute teacher. The sub isn't your normal teacher, but they are still a teacher. A protein that is made with a substitution might still function normally, or it could be nonfunctional.

Deletion is kinda self-explanatory. It happens when a base is deleted or, in other words, is just missing.

Finally, insertion means an extra nucleotide is added.

Explanation:

Hope it helps .

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products