In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because . In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because . lidocaine doesn't have an effect on the generation of action potentials lidocaine was applied upstream of R1 lidocaine was applied downstream of R1 there are no voltage-gated sodium channels to be affected

In the presence of lidocaine, the action potential was NOT affected at R1 because lidocaine was applied downstream of R1

Explanation:

Lidocaine is an anesthetic that has the power to neutralize neuromal membranes. This anesthetic power allows the ionic fluxes capable of stimulating impulses to be diffused and this allows a dormancy to be achieved. However, when lidocaine is applied downstream to a molecule or structure, the action potential of that structure or molecule is not affected and it may continue to receive impulses.

the generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: all known living things are made up of one or more cells. all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.