What are kidney stones? what causes kidney stones?

they are the hard deposits that was made of minerals and salts that forms inside in your body.

kidney stone is A small, hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful when passed.

Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and acid salts that stick together in concentrated urine. They can be painful when passing through the urinary tract, but usually don't cause permanent damage.

Kidney stones often have no definite, single cause, although several factors may increase your risk.

Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

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the wires in the toaster turning red and the toast crisping and turning brown