describe how the structure of the cuticle, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and guard cells are adapted for their functions ​

cuticle

In some higher plants, the cuticle is a water-impervious protective layer covering the epidermal cells of leaves and other parts and limiting water loss. It consists of cutin, a waxy, water-repellent substance allied to suberin, which is found in the cell walls of corky tissue.

adapted( function)

The cuticle reduces the rate of water loss from the leaf surface. Other leaves may have small hairs (trichomes) on the leaf surface. ... They can also reduce the rate of transpiration by blocking air flow across the leaf surface.

palisade mesophyll

Light absorption happens in the palisade mesophyll tissue of the leaf. Palisade cells are column shaped and packed with many chloroplasts . They are arranged closely together so that a lot of light energy can be absorbed.

adapted ( function)

The palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf is adapted to absorb light efficiently. The cells: are packed with many chloroplasts. are column-shaped and arranged closely together

spongy mesophyll

Spongy mesophyll tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange. The spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water. Gases dissolve in this water as they move into and out of the cells. ... To enter the leaf, gases diffuse through small pores called stomata.

adapted (function)

Spongy mesophyll tissue is packed loosely for efficient gas exchange. The spongy mesophyll cells are covered by a thin layer of water.When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of them

Guard cell

Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata. Light is the main trigger for the opening or closing. Each guard cell has a relatively thick cuticle on the pore-side and a thin one opposite it.

Adapted (function)

Guard cells are adapted to their function by allowing gas exchange and controlling water loss within the leaf. The size of the stomatal opening is used by the plant to control the rate of transpiration and therefore limit the levels of water loss from the leaf. This helps to stop the plant from wilting

"a.) well–developed vascular system."

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