As you read in this chapter, fungi have long formed symbiotic associations with plants and with algae. How may these two types of associations lead to emergent properties in biological communities

Fungi show symbiotic association with algae and plants. With plants, they thrive as endophytes in a form of the symbiotic association. This symbiotic association results in the emergence of novel characteristics in the world of biology.  

The lichens function as a tool in finding the quality of air, as they grow in the environment containing good air quality. The tolerance towards heat is another characteristic. Some of the endophytes are witnessed in the plants, which grow in very hot conditions.  

At such conditions, no fungi or plant can thrive, however, in the symbiotic association, they possess the tendency to thrive. If one tries to separate them, it results in the death of both.    

Explanation:

answer: glucoamylase presented optimum activity at temperature of 55â°c, and, in the glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends of starch, resulting in the production of glucose. source and type of fermentation can affect the enzyme's properties

credit to kalahira

the food storage products of chrysophytes are oils or the polysaccharide laminarin.   formerly classified as plants, the chrysophytes contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and c all but the yellow-green algae also contain the carotenoid pigment fucoxanthin.