ATP synthase is a large molecular machine that converts the energy in an electrochemical gradient into the bond energy stored in ATP. Which of the following events are required for the synthesis of ATP?A. movement of protons down their gradient through ATP synthaseB. conformational changes of the F1 ATPaseC. binding of ATP to an empty F1 ATPase subunitD. rotation of the rotor in the membrane

desert perennials often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. most annual desert plants germinate only after heavy seasonal rain, then complete their reproductive cycle very quickly.

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.