Which procedure should not be used during the heating of substances in a test tube? A) Point the test tube away from you.
B) Stopper the test tube to prevent spills.
C) Wear safety goggles.
D) Use a test tube holder to avoid burns.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Cancer cells spread to other parts of the body by entering the bloodstream. which of the following organs could prevent a cancer cell in the bloodstream from spreading, and why? a. the spleen, because it releases lymphocytes into the blood b. the peyer's patches, because they release lymphocytes into the blood c. the lymph nodes, because they release lymph into the blood d. the thymus, because it releases lymph into the blood

Consider the table. types of bacteria form shape associated disease coccus x strep throat bacillus rod shaped y spirillum spiral cholera which best describes x and y?