100 POINTS How do membrane proteins contribute to the membrane potential? The sodium potassium pump results in a net positive charge that stores energy as voltage.
The proton pump results in the repulsion of cations to the negative intracellular membrane.
The attraction of anions inside of the cell contributes to the positive extracellular environment.
Aquaporins result in a combination of positive charges intracellularly and negative charges extracellularly.