Which of the following is a substance that is able to puncture holes into plasma membranes of foreign cells? *perforin

Amutagen is 1: a living thing that has undergone a mutation. 2: an agent that causes a mutation in dna. 3: a mutation that has affected one gene. 4: a chemical that can poison living cells.

Microorganisms aren’t all decomposers; in fact, many act as producers or primary consumers in an ecosystem. how do microorganisms that act as producers benefit the rest of an ecosystem in terms of energy transfer? what about microorganisms that act as primary consumers?

New york city has 2,181 inhabitants per square mile. the state of alaska has 1.03 inhabitants per square mile. ecologists would say alaska has a low exponential growth population density birth rate carrying capacity