3. A large quantity of sugar is needed to make jam. The cytoplasm of bacteria contains much less sugar. a. Is the bacterial cytoplasm isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to the jam?
b. Why might many types of bacteria have difficulty colonizing jams?
4. Suggest ways that we could improve this investigation. How could we be more precise, or make our
observations more accurate?

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation: