The energy that is used to establish the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane comes from the
a. synthesis of ATP.
c. passage of electrons along the electron
b. synthesis of NADPH.
transport chain of photosystem II.
d. splitting of water.

i would have a lunch. it's one big package of food, making it one food. : p

9.9 years

a = p(1 + rt) . . account balance after time t at rate r starting with principal p

3000 = 2500(1 + 0.0202t) . . filling in the given numbers

1.2 = 1 + 0.0202t . . divide by 2500

0.2 = 0.0202t . . . subtract 1

0.2/0.0202 = t ≈ 9.901

it will take about 9.9 years for the account balance to reach $3000.

the answer to your question is tooth decay.

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.