Which statement about fitness and natural selection is true? a) the fitness of individuals of a particular phenotype is a function of the probability that such individuals survive, divided by the average number of offspring they produce
b) changes in the absolute numbers of offspring necessarily lead to changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
c) natural selection operates directly on the genotype
d) the fitness of an individual is determined solely by its ability to survive
e) the fitness Of individuals of a particular phenotype is a function of the probability that such individual survive, multiplied by the average number of offspring they produce

a

explanation:

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.

the correct answer is: " ventricles " .

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