water and dissolved minerals are conducted from the roots to the stems and leaves via , whereas sugar is conducted through specialized cells known as

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Which of the following types of stars is most likely to end up as a supernova? in graph a, the curve peaks at 800 nm, in the red section of the visible light spectrum. in graph b, the curve peaks at 550 nm, in the green section of the visible light spectrum. in graph c, the curve peaks at 450 nm, in the blue section of the visible light spectrum. in graph d, the curve peaks at 300 nm, in the violet section of the visible light spectrum. a b c d

Which of the following human activities resulted in the growth of the north american deer population?