In an epinephrine-triggered signal transduction pathway, how would cellular response most likely be affected if epinephrine could not bind with the receptor protein? a. G proteins would remain inactive and prevent signal amplification from occurring.
b. Signal amplification would occur in the extracellular fluid rather than inside the cell.
c. The cell could not receive termination signals and carry out inactivation.
d. Nonspecific signaling would occur, and epinephrine would bind to different receptors.

the menstrual cycle – higher tier. negative feedback mechanisms affect the production of hormones in the menstrual cycle. oestrogen also stimulates the release of lh (luteinising hormone) from the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the production of progesterone.

some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a