Which of the four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.