Many types of cancer are treated with a combination of therapies. In lung cancer

BA, MB, BCHIR, MA (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE), MD (LONDON), FRCS ENG, FRCP EDIN, FRCS CTH, FACS, CCT UK CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY

Consultant Cardiac, Thoracic and Transplant Surgeon, Professor of Surgery.

I perform the full spectrum of adult cardiac surgery from beating heart, off pump CABG, through valve repair and replacement, surgery of the aortic root, arch and descending aorta, surgery for arrhythmias, minimal access surgery to surgery for heart failure and heart and lung transplantation including LVADs and Mechanical Circulatory Device Implantation for severe cardiac failure.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.