Cancer can be caused by excessive cell growth and division. Two genes that regulate the growth and division of a cell are called oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes direct cells to grow and divide, whereas tumor suppressor genes limit cell growth and division. Certain viruses have been associated with an increased risk for cancer. For example, the hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with liver cancer, the Epstein-Barr virus is associated with lymphoma, and the human papilloma viruses are associated with cervical cancer.

Viruses can cause mutations in their host cells. Which mutation described below would be most likely to cause cancer in a host organism?

A.
a mutation in a host cell that turns oncogenes on and tumor supressor genes off
B.
a mutation in a host cell that turns oncogenes off and tumor supressor genes on
C.
a mutation in the virus that turns oncogenes off and tumor supressor genes on
D.
a mutation in the virus that turns oncogenes on and tumor supressor genes off