The analogous structure of the upper extremity to the femur is the .

The correct answer will be-Humerus

Explanation:

The humerus is one of the longest bone in the body in the upper arm sue to which it is analogous to the femur.  The humerus is located between the shoulder and the elbow joint which connects to the ulna at the elbow joint.

It is the bone to which many muscles get associated like pectoralis major or deltoid which helps in the supporting and performing the function of the arm like physical exercise and lifting.

Thus, the humerus is the correct answer.

a. to encourage apoptosis

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.