Secondary succession occurs in ecosystems without soil. t or f

False: Secondary succession cannot occur in ecosystems without soil. Though lichens (a pioneer species) can live without it, plant life needs it for nutrition.

When there isn't any soil, usually primary succession occurs. Some of the lichens will decompose into soil, allowing for plants to grow...some of thoseplants decompose into even more soil for even more plants. This cycle continues until the ecosystem has been reconstructed.

The anwser is the universe