What is the part of the scientific method where this part of the experiment that is not being tested but being used for comparison?

In a vegetable garden 45 bean plants have been eaten by deer 5 are untouched what is the frequency of bean plants in the garden that have been eaten?

When a population split into two subgroups what is most likely to cause the subgroups to develop different traits?

Do the following statements describe actin, myosin, both of the proteins or neither of the proteins? (a) contains a binding site for calcium (b) found in the i band (c) exists in a globular (g) form and a filamentous (f) form (d) contains a binding site for atp (e) is a component of the thin filament (f) is a component of the thick filament