The unequal distribution of charges across the cell membrane results in the

1. efficient use of space

2. elimination of groundwater contamination

3. energy generation

4. lower carbon footprint

some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a