What ecosystems would you expect to have high species richness and low species richness? explain your reasoning

How many trophic levels are there in the following food chain? phytoplankton - shrimp - perch - pike - osprey

Animal bodies (and even plant bodies for that matter) are complex enough that life couldn't exist without enzymes. enzymes are usually large, complex biological catalysts that are expensive to make. enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up during the reaction (they can be reused many times). they are highly specific in the reactions they regulate. knowing what enzymes are and how they function, why does this explain why complex life forms could not exist if there were no enzymes.

What best explains the inability for life to exist in earth early atmosphere