Every species participates in some way in which major category of interspecific interactions? a. mutualism b. commensalism c. competition d. amensalism e. consumer–resource

(a) MUTUALISM

Mutualism or symbiosis is a biological interaction where both the organisms participate in the interaction and both are benefited mutually. The participation of both the organism is necessary in this interaction because one cannot survive without the other. For example, a lichen is a mutualistic association where specific alga live in association with specific fungi. Alga produces food for fungus and fungus provides shelter to the alga.

The arrangements of lipids in the membrane makes the cell semi permeable .