Determine if the limiting factors listed below are density-dependent or density-independent.

A limiting factor is an abiotic or biotic factor which limits in the size of the population. A density dependent limiting factor is a factor which effects on the size or growth of the population depending upon the number of individuals present in the population. Hence, it is dependent upon density of the population. Examples of density dependent limiting factors are food, predation, disease and migration. Density independent limiting factor is a abiotic or biotic factor which affects the living or biotic components of the ecosystem. It does not depends upon the number of individuals present in the population. Examples of density independent limiting factors are natural hazards like drought, storm, deforestation and hunting.

Here, in the given question

Industrial pollution is a density independent factor because the industrial pollution will have an affect on all the members of the population, independent of number of individuals present in the population.

Habitat is a density dependent factor because organisms can compete for same habitat. More, the number of living individuals higher will be the competition in ecosystem.  More competing and stronger organisms will get the habitat, this will limit the population of weaker organisms.

Hurricane is a density independent factor because the organisms come in contact of it gets wiped out irrespective of number of individuals.

Number of males is a density dependent factor. Decrease in the male population can lead to decrease in the population and hence, no progeny will develop as a consequences of it because it will limit the reproduction rate.

Hunting by human is a density independent factor as humans can randomly hunt population of species irrespective of number of individuals present in the population.

a

explanation: