Which is an example of scientific evidence that can be used to critique a new scientific argument?

When we perform a study, we test a specific hypothesis to see whether our hypothesis is supported by the data or not. If our hypothesis is not supported by the data, then we can argue that a specific argument (that would be important for this hypothesis) does not have a claim in scientific research. 

This is more broadly meant though. Usually you need to perform multiple studies and test multiple hypothesis to be able to critique a scientific argument and see whether the claims it makes and the predictions it makes hold up in scientific research. 

An autotrophic protist - they can perform photosynthesis and mainly consist of unicellular algae. they can be divided into number of systematic group according to the shape of their cell and the type of photosynthetic pigments they use.