Robert experienced bradycardia, or slowing of the heart rate, after using certain eye drops prescribed to him for his glaucoma. he is suffering from:

The right answer is Iatrogenic illness.

Glaucoma is an eye disease that affects mostly people over the age of 45. It is characterized by an increase in eye pressure leading to an impairment of the optic nerve and the visual field. They are treated with antiglaucomatous agents.

Some antiglaucomatous agents are betablockers, they certainly act on the ocular level by decreasing the ocular tension, but the long-term treatment makes that the drug goes to the blood level and acts at the level of the heart to cause a bradycardia.

a- all cells come from pre-existing cells