In the late 1800s, mendel predicted the existence of units of hereditary information or factors. what do we call these units oof hereditary information today?

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.