An inference
a. is a possible explanation for events using prior knowledge
b. explains if a hypothesis is or is not valid
c. is made independent of observation or prior knowledge
d. can be either qualitative or quantitative

Ineed to know why d is the correct answer asap

Loss of protected health information collected for research should be directly reported to:

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.