The energy used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space is derived from

Potential energy is use to pump hydrogen ions or protons, from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria into the matrix space. The energy is derived from the active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane then the difference in electric charge and pH creates an electrochemical potential, which produces potential energy.

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Because the earth is not round ,but it may seem round when viewed from ,our planet but true some points earth is not round was an oblate spheroid -a square that it squashed as globe however is not even a perfect oblate spheroid.in fact isaac newton's first proposed that earth was not perfectly round but it was an oblate spheroid instead.that mean a square that is squashed as its poles and swollen at the