"an older client is seen in the clinic for a physical examination. laboratory studies reveal that the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are low, indicating the need for further diagnostic studies and a blood transfusion. the client is a jehovah's witness and refuses to have a blood transfusion. the nurse should take which most appropriate action? "

Jehovah's witnesses strongly believe that no one should accept, ingest, or donate blood. It is important to respect one's belief and preferences. Therefore, we cannot force the older patient to undergo blood transfusion if he/she refuses to do such. Since the patient is already an adult, the nurse should counsel the patient about the danger and consequences of the refusal to the procedure. Furthermore, the adult patient should sign a waiver or release form, absolving the hospital and the nurse from all obligation following the refusal to blood transfusion.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.