Which structure(s) carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?

The correct answer is arteries.

Explanation:

The arteries are the blood vessels that carry the blood away from the heart. In general, the arteries carry oxygen rich blood to the tissues present in the body. from the arteries the blood is transferred to the capillaries, from the exchange of gases between blood and tissues take place. The blood in capillary after delivering oxygen and up taking carbon dioxide is transferred to the veins and oxygen deficient blood is carried back to the heart.

The pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein are exceptions. The pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs, whereas, the pulmonary vein carry oxygenated blood to the heart.  

that scientist would be robert hooke