Write out the full name for dna. what is a gene? where in the cell are chromosomes located? dna can be found in what two organelles? what two scientists established the structure of dna? what is the shape of dna? what are the sides of the dna ladder made of? what are the "rungs" of the dna ladder made of? what sugar is found in dna? in rna? how do the bases bond together? the two purines in dna are dna is made of repeating units called why is rna necessary to act as a messenger? why can't the code be taken directly from the dna? proteins are made where in the cell? how do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the dna in all the cells is exactly the same. in other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell? why is dna called the "blueprint of life"?

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle