Handwashing with regular soap is effective because the hydrophobic end of the soap molecule attaches to the cell wall of bacteria and the hydrophilic end of the molecule attracts water. the result is that the bacteria are washed away with the water

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs