Metabolic pathways in which cells harvest energy from food molecule in the absence of oxygen is called

Anaerobic

Explanation:

Anaerobic metabolic pathways are an alternative for the body, in order to respond to a high energy demand in a short time, transporting glucose in metabolic pathways that do not require oxygen.  

Anaerobic metabolism is usually associated with short-term exercise using carbohydrates in the form of muscle glycogen or glucose. In the absence of oxygen, glycogen is broken down into glucose, and then glucose is broken down into ATP and lactic acid.

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